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Good quality coal having more gross calorific value, less ash content, less mineral content in the coal, and ash fusion temperature above 1500 C must be used to avoid clinker formation. Regular watch must be done on poking. Precautions may avoid clinker formation and its deposition in boilers. Precaution is the best solution.
Coal Specifications. We exclusively trade thermal coal of Indonesian origin and offer three main calorific values – GAR 4200 kcal/kg, NAR 4700 kcal/kg and NAR 5500 kcal/kg. The table below indicates the typical specifications of each category of coal under the .
Jul 24, 2017· Coal Slags and Ash Fusion Temperatures The Ash Fusion Temperature, AFT, test became popular in the 1920's as a way to judge clinkering .
5.1 The design of most coal combustion and coal conversion equipment anticipates that the ash either remain solid or assume some degree of fluidity, depending on the particular design. Ash fusibility temperatures help predict whether the ash will perform properly in the process for which the coal .
Within ThermalNet, WP2D particularly focuses on ash related issues in biomass combustion. A key deliverable is a report summarizing the issues, which is currently available in draft for comments. In the ash one can distinguish inorganic components contained in the biomass, as well as extraneous inorganic material such as sand.
The extent of coal ash slag penetration and refractory brick dissolution depends on the slag viscosity, the gasification temperature, and the composition of slag and bricks. We measured the viscosity of several synthetic coal ash slags with a high-temperature rotary viscometer and their ash fusion temperatures through optical image analysis.
The Ash Fusion Temperature used to analyze coal ash is suitable for the furnace in which it or will become fluid at some temperature. This test performs the actual Melting / Fusion of the Ash Cone under controlled conditions and checks the corresponding Deformation Temperature of the sample Coal Ash.
Ash Fusion Temperature ARCH CEN T THE CONCEPT The Energy Research Company (ERCo) and the Lehigh University Energy Research Center (ERC) team have developed a system for on-line, in-situ, real-time measurement of coal properties. The system includes artificial intelligence (AI) models to accurately predict the slagging propensity of coal and ...
The ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) of coal mineral matter at high temperature are important parameters for all gasifiers. Experiments have been conducted in which mixtures of selected coal ashes and SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, and MgO were subjected to the standard test for ash fusibility. The computer software package FactSage has been used to calculate the liquidus temperatures of coal ash ...
Al, Fe, and Si did not change with temperature relative to Ca which was assumed to be constant. Sintering of the ash occurred, but fusion of the ash did not occur. hr the 600°C ash CaCO 3 and K 2Ca(CO 3) 2 were identified, whereas in 1300OC ash CaO and MgO were the main compounds. The implications for ash
If the ash fusion temperature is low say 1000 degree celsius it may be helpful for binding of coal and coke. Higher ash fusion temperature also should help in binding whish is arequirement for ...
The fusion temperature tests have been used to evaluate the melting and slagging behavior of coal ash for years. However, the coal ash fusion temperature alone is not sufficient to be able to ...
Ash fusion temperatures give an indication of the softening and melting behavior of fuel ash. These temperatures are widely cited in fuel specifications for boilers despite a relatively poor record of correlating with slagging or fouling behavior.
• Other methods like Macarel analysis is also used for coal classification and evaluation of coal properties. • Fusion characteristics of Ash is estimated from the Initial Deformation Temperature, Hemispherical Temperature and Fusion Temperature of the ash • Ash oxide analysis is commonly used for analysis of ash composition.
Ash fusion temperature is a concern for some operators. Where ash fusion temperature is low there is a risk of lance blockage caused by the formation of slag deposits near the tip of the injection lance. Residual coal moisture after drying affects the transport characteristics and coke replacement ratio of pulverised coal.
generally require pulverized coal with a high ash fusion temperature to prevent slagging, whereas the liquid-state slag-tap boilers require a low ash fusion temperature [1]. Coal-fired power plants use the method of additive blending or coal blending to meet ash fusibility and other requirements, such as reducing slagging and ash deposition.
Ash-fusion temperatures. MTI measures four conventional ash-fusion temperatures (AFTs) determined under oxidizing or reducing conditions (ASTM standard D1857). The AFTs include: 1) initial deformation temperature, 2) softening temperature, 3) hemispherical temperature, and 4) fluid temperature. Viscosity Measurement – T 250
Sep 09, 2014· In the present investigation, few Indonesian coal samples have been selected to find out the direct effect of ash chemical composition and ash fusion temperatures. Experimental: The composition of several coal ashes were determine by ASTM D6349-09 method using Perkin Elmers Optima 700 DV, ICP-OES. The sample digestion was carried out in a ...
Coal sampling and analysis standards 8 4.4.1 Preparation of coal ash 58 4.4.2 Major and minor elements 59 4.4.3 Trace elements 61 4.5 Miscellaneous analysis 64 4.5.1 Chlorine 64 4.5.2 Mercury 65 4.5.3 Mineral matter in coal 66 4.5.4 Ash fusibility 66 4.5.5 Coal
relationship to coal ash chemistry, melting & slagging properties, and fusion temperature. There are not distinct melting points for coal ash like with ice or other pure compounds, s o when melting is mentioned it is used to represent a decrease in viscosity, rather than a melting point. When coal ash melts it occurs on both a large scale and a
Sep 19, 2018· The coal ash fusion at a low temperature, encourages the formation of a clinker that gathers around the heat transfer pipes and thereby corrodes the furnace components. It is well-known that the ash clinkering may lead to channel burning, pressure drop, and an unstable gasifier operation (Van Dyk et al. 2001).
losses). Information on coal elemental composition, and some other characteristics of the coal, like ash fusion temperatures, can help make decisions on these operational actions. The coal-ash fusion temperature is a parameter widely used as a slagging propensity index of coal. However, this type of information is not typically provided to
The AF700 Ash Fusion Determinator automatically monitors ash cone deformation temperatures in coal ash, coke ash, and mold powders using Windows-based software. It increases laboratory throughput using predefined ash fusibility temperatures (IT, ST, HT, and FT) automatically determined by the software's Image Recognition Functions (IRF).
Mar 28, 2018· Ash fusion temperatures are determined by viewing a molded specimen of the coal ash through an observation window in a high-temperature furnace. The ash, in the form of a cone, pyramid or cube, is heated steadily past 1000 °C to as high a temperat...
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