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Jul 02, 2013· Why gypsum is better than acid for the reclamation of saline-sodic soils? Addition of acid deteriorates the soil structure and pH fluctuation, but gypsum is gradual soluble, easy to handle, cheap source, direct source of calcium etc. Q14.
-and poor soil structure –Na+ causes soil to be in a dispersed condition due to the large hydrated radius of Na+ • Black alkali soils - dispersed humus Figure 10.7 Saline Soils pH < 8.5 Normal soils pH (< 8.5 Saline-sodic Soils (soil pH generally < 8.5) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 E C d S/ c m 0 10 13 20 30 40 50 (SAR) 0 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 (ESP ...
Yadav (1973) presented data on the effect of gypsum and sulphuric acid applied at 80 percent of the laboratory estimated gypsum requirements and in chemically equivalent quantities on crop yields in a highly sodic soil. pH and ESP of the surface soil of the experimental field varied between 9.1 to 9.8 and 41 to 60, respectively.
Sodic Soils. Sodic soils have an ESP >15, the EC e is <4 dS m −1, and the lower limit of the saturation extract SAR is 13. Consequently, Na + is the major problem in these soils. The high amount of Na + in these soils, along with the low EC e, results in dispersion. Clay dispersion occurs when the electrolyte concentration decreases below the ...
These soils cover a range of soils defined as saline, saline–sodic and sodic. 354 SOIL SCIENCE: AN INTRODUCTION According to one estimate (Mandal et al. 2010), an area of 6.74 Mha in India ...
Feb 01, 2014· Gypsum plays an important role in improving soil structure properties and soil will benefit from gypsum. In these areas soils can be saline or sodic. Salinity is the salt content in the soil and salts are the soluble nutrient ions in the soil solution and not on the soil's cation exchange complex. Sodic soils are characterized by exchangeable ...
Reclaiming Sodic and Saline-Sodic Soils Sodic and saline-sodic soils are reclaimed by replacing the exchangeable sodium with calcium. This is commonly accomplished by adding gypsum, since it is relatively soluble and inexpensive. However, if the soils are naturally high in calcium carbonate (lime),
reclamation of saline-sodic and sodic soils. Gypsum [2] and organic matter [3] are some of the amendments which have been used. Gypsum is the most commonly used amendment for sodic soil reclamation and for reducing the harmful effects of high sodium irrigation water sin agricultural areas because of its solubility, low-
and chemical properties of soils, thus reducing erosion losses of soils and nutrient concentrations (especially phosphorus) in surface water runoff. Gypsum is the most commonly used amendment for sodic soil recla-mation and can be included as a component in synthetic soils used in nursery, greenhouse, and land-scape applications.
Soil water infiltration is an important link of the natural water cycle. Infiltration is the inherent properties of soils. It determines the speed and distribution of the irrigation water converted to soil water. Then affected the irrigation's quality and effect. Especially for high saline soil infiltration of improvement has profound significance.
Success in reclaiming non-irrigated sodic or saline-sodic soils with gypsum application may be possible on coarse textured soils that receive precipitation in excess of soil water holding capacity. Remember: 1. Adding sulfur products only makes sense when: a) a soil is sodic and has free lime present or, when b) a soil is basic (high pH).
1 SODIC SOIL RECLAMATION USING MULTICOMPONENT TRANSPORT MODELING By Jiff Simunek 1 and Donald L. Suarez1 ABSTRACT: High contents of soluble salts accumulated in a soil can significantly decrease the value and productivity of agricultural lands. Present recommendations for reclamation are usually based only on relatively
Phosphogypsum is a waste by-product from the processing of phosphate rock in plants producing phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers, such as superphosphate. The wet chemical phosphoric acid treatment process, or 'wet process', in which phosphate ore is digested with sulfuric acid, is widely used to produce phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate, mainly in dihydrate form (CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O):
Building Soils for Better Crops is a one-of-a-kind, practical guide to ecological soil management, now expanded and in full color. It provides step-by-step information on soil-improving practices as well as in-depth background—from what soil is to the importance of organic matter. Case studies of farmers from across the country provide inspiring examples of how soil—and whole [.]
land soils. For organic soils or soils of very different mineralogy or magnetic properties, these estimates may be inappropriate. For such soils, appropriate values for p,, EC, and e~,, will need to be determined using analogous techniques to those used by Rhoades, et al. (1989a).
The normal desired range is 6.0 to 7.0, but many Texas soils are naturally 7.5 to 8.3. Leaching the salts from these soils does not increase the pH of saline soils. Saline-sodic soils. Saline-sodic soils are like saline soils, except that they have significantly higher concentrations of sodium salts relative to calcium and magnesium salts.
To study the genesis, characteristics and reclamation of sodic soils Sodic soils - Definition Alkali or sodic soil is defined as a soil having a conductivity of the saturation extract less than 4 dS m-1 and an exchangeable sodium percentage greater than 15. The pH is usually between 8.5 – 10.0.
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation and road salt
Nov 29, 2018· 11.1.2 Saline-Sodic Soils. Saline-sodic soils contain sufficient soluble salts (ECe ≥ 4 dS m −1) to interfere with the growth of most crop plants and sufficient ESP (≥ 15) to affect the soil properties and plant growth adversely, primarily by the degradation of soil structure. The pHs may be less or more than 8.5. 11.1.3 Sodic Soils
Gypsum + sodic soil -----calcium soil + sodium sulfate The reclamation process is not complete until most of the sodium is removed from the soil below the rooting depth. Time is required for soils to react and rebuild soil structure. The amount of time is dependent upon the site.
D5. Sodic soil management D5.5 Vegetable SOILpak As Figure D5–1 indicates, a sodic soil can be well structured if the soil is saline enough to prevent dispersion. This is why saline water or gypsum (a calcium salt) improves soil structure on sodic soils. However, avoid using saline water for irrigation, since: • soil sodicity is likely to ...
Jun 19, 2017· phate rock with sulph uric acid generates the co-products phospho ric acid and phospho-gypsum. e raw phosphate ... In saline-sodic soils of North-East China, Liu et al. ... (>90% gypsum) from the ...
2. Non-saline Sodic Soils: Soils in which electro conductivity of saturation extract of soil is less than 4 desisimens per metre (ds/m), exchangeable sodium is more than 15 per cent and pH value of soil is more than 8.5 are called non-saline sodic soils.
phenomena described above on non-sodic soils, and the amelioration of this syndrome by the use of surface applied gypsum. On dispersive, highly weathered soils in Australia, gypsum significantly increases water infiltration and reduces crusting associated with dispersion-induced sealing (Loveday, 1974; Rengasamy et al., 1984).
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